vi/vim 中可以使用 ：s 命令来替换字符串§以前只会使用一种格式来全文替换，今天发现该命令有很多种写法，记录几种在此，方便以后查询§

：s/vivian/sky/ 替换当前行第一个 vivian 为 sky ：s/vivian/sky/g 替换当前行所有 vivian 为 sky ：n，$s/vivian/sky/ 替换第 n 行开始到最后一行中每一行的第一个 vivian 为 sky ：n，$s/vivian/sky/g 替换第 n 行开始到最后一行中每一行所有 vivian 为 sky n 为数字，若 n 为 .，表示从当前行开始到最后一行 ：%s/vivian/sky/（等同于 ：g/vivian/s//sky/） 替换每一行的第一个 vivian 为 sky ：%s/vivian/sky/g（等同于 ：g/vivian/s//sky/g） 替换每一行中所有 vivian 为 sky

 

　　可以使用 # 作为分隔符，此时中间出现的 / 不会作为分隔符

：s#vivian/#sky/# 替换当前行第一个 vivian/ 为 sky/ ：%s+/oradata/apras/+/user01/apras1+ （使用+ 来 替换 / ）： /oradata/apras/替换成/user01/apras1/

1.：s/vivian/sky/ 替换当前行第一个 vivian 为 sky

：s/vivian/sky/g 替换当前行所有 vivian 为 sky

2. ：n，$s/vivian/sky/ 替换第 n 行开始到最后一行中每一行的第一个 vivian 为 sky

：n，$s/vivian/sky/g 替换第 n 行开始到最后一行中每一行所有 vivian 为 sky （n 为数字，若 n 为 .，表示从当前行开始到最后一行）

3. ：%s/vivian/sky/（等同于 ：g/vivian/s//sky/） 替换每一行的第一个 vivian 为 sky

：%s/vivian/sky/g（等同于 ：g/vivian/s//sky/g） 替换每一行中所有 vivian 为 sky

4. 可以使用 # 作为分隔符，此时中间出现的 / 不会作为分隔符

：s#vivian/#sky/# 替换当前行第一个 vivian/ 为 sky/

5. 删除文本中的^M

　　问题描述：对于换行，window下用回车换行（0A0D）来表示，linux下是回车（0A）来表示§这样，将window上的文件拷到unix上用时，总会有个^M.请写个用在unix下的过滤windows文件的换行符（0D）的shell或c程序§

§ 使用命令：cat filename1 | tr -d “^V^M” > newfile； § 使用命令：sed -e “s/^V^M//” filename > outputfilename.需要注意的是在1、2两种方法中，^V和^M指的是Ctrl+V和Ctrl+M.你必须要手工进行输入，而不是粘贴§ § 在vi中处理：首先使用vi打开文件，然后按ESC键，接着输入命令：%s/^V^M//. § ：%s/^M$//g

 

　　如果上述方法无用，则正确的解决办法是：

§ tr -d \”\\r\” < src >dest § tr -d \”\\015\” dest § strings A>B

6. 其它

　　利用 ：s 命令可以实现字符串的替换§具体的用法包括：

：s/str1/str2/ 用字符串 str2 替换行中首次出现的字符串 str1 ：s/str1/str2/g 用字符串 str2 替换行中所有出现的字符串 str1 ：§，$ s/str1/str2/g 用字符串 str2 替换正文当前行到末尾所有出现的字符串 str1 ：1，$ s/str1/str2/g 用字符串 str2 替换正文中所有出现的字符串 str1 ：g/str1/s//str2/g 功能同上

 

　　从上述替换命令可以看到：g 放在命令末尾，表示对搜索字符串的每次出现进行替换；不加 g，表示只对搜索

字符串的首次出现进行替换；g 放在命令开头，表示对正文中所有包含搜索字符串的行进行替换操作§

又一篇！！！
130 个你需要了解的 vim 命令

基础

:e filename Open filename for edition
:w Save file
:q Exit Vim
:q! Quit without saving
: x Write file (if changes has been made) and exit
:sav filename Saves file as filename
. Repeats the last change made in normal mode
5. Repeats 5 times the last change made in normal mode

在文件中移动

k or Up Arrow move the cursor up one line
j or Down Arrow move the cursor down one line
e move the cursor to the end of the word
b move the cursor to the begining of the word
0 move the cursor to the begining of the line
G move the cursor to the end of the line
gg move the cursor to the begining of the file
L move the cursor to the end of the file
:59 move cursor to line 59. Replace 59 by the desired line number.
20| move cursor to column 20.
% Move cursor to matching parenthesis
[[ Jump to function start
[{ Jump to block start

剪切、复制和粘贴

y Copy the selected text to clipboard
p Paste clipboard contents
dd Cut current line
yy Copy current line
y$ Copy to end of line
D Cut to end of line

搜索

/word Search word from top to bottom
?word Search word from bottom to top
* Search the word under cursor
/\cstring Search STRING or string, case insensitive
/jo[ha]n Search john or joan
/\< the Search the, theatre or then /the\> Search the or breathe
/\< the\> Search the
/\< ¦.\> Search all words of 4 letters
/\/ Search fred but not alfred or frederick
/fred\|joe Search fred or joe
/\<\d\d\d\d\> Search exactly 4 digits
/^\n\{3} Find 3 empty lines
:bufdo /searchstr/ Search in all open files
bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g Search something in all the open buffers and replace it withsomethingelse

替换

:%s/old/new/g Replace all occurences of old by new in file
:%s/onward/forward/gi Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive
:%s/old/new/gc Replace all occurences with confirmation
:2,35s/old/new/g Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35
:5,$s/old/new/g Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF
:%s/^/hello/g Replace the begining of each line by hello
:%s/$/Harry/g Replace the end of each line by Harry
:%s/onward/forward/gi Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive
:%s/ *$//g Delete all white spaces
:g/string/d Delete all lines containing string
:v/string/d Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain string
:s/Bill/Steve/ Replace the first occurence of Bill by Steve in current line
:s/Bill/Steve/g Replace Bill by Steve in current line
:%s/Bill/Steve/g Replace Bill by Steve in all the file
:%s/^M//g Delete DOS carriage returns (^M)
:%s/\r/\r/g Transform DOS carriage returns in returns
:%s#<[^>]\+>##g Delete HTML tags but keeps text
:%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/ Delete lines which appears twice
Ctrl+a Increment number under the cursor
Ctrl+x Decrement number under cursor
ggVGg? Change text to Rot13

大小写

Vu Lowercase line
VU Uppercase line
g~~ Invert case
vEU Switch word to uppercase
vE~ Modify word case
ggguG Set all text to lowercase
gggUG Set all text to uppercase
:set ignorecase Ignore case in searches
:set smartcase Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used
:%s/\<./\u&/g Sets first letter of each word to uppercase :%s/\<./\l&/g Sets first letter of each word to lowercase :%s/.*/\u& Sets first letter of each line to uppercase :%s/.*/\l& Sets first letter of each line to lowercase 读写文件 :1,10 w outfile Saves lines 1 to 10 in outfile :1,10 w >> outfile Appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile
:r infile Insert the content of infile
:23r infile Insert the content of infile under line 23

文件浏览器

:e . Open integrated file explorer
:Sex Split window and open integrated file explorer
:Sex! Same as :Sex but split window vertically
:browse e Graphical file explorer
:ls List buffers
:cd .. Move to parent directory
:args List files
:args *.php Open file list
:grep expression *.php Returns a list of .php files contening expression
gf Open file name under cursor

和 Unix 系统交互

:!pwd Execute the pwd unix command, then returns to Vi
!!pwd Execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file
:sh Temporary returns to Unix
$exit Retourns to Vi

对齐

:%!fmt Align all lines
!}fmt Align all lines at the current position
5!!fmt Align the next 5 lines

Tabs/Windows

:tabnew Creates a new tab
gt Show next tab
:tabfirst Show first tab
:tablast Show last tab
:tabm n(position) Rearrange tabs
:tabdo %s/foo/bar/g Execute a command in all tabs
:tab ball Puts all open files in tabs
:new abc.txt Edit abc.txt in new window

分屏显示

:e filename Edit filename in current window
:split filename Split the window and open filename
ctrl-w up arrow Puts cursor in top window
ctrl-w ctrl-w Puts cursor in next window
ctrl-w_ Maximize current window vertically
ctrl-w| Maximize current window horizontally
ctrl-w= Gives the same size to all windows
10 ctrl-w+ Add 10 lines to current window
:vsplit file Split window vertically
:sview file Same as :split in readonly mode
:hide Close current window
:­nly Close all windows, excepted current
:b 2 Open #2 in this window

自动完成

Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode) Complete word
Ctrl+x Ctrl+l Complete line
:set dictionary=dict Define dict as a dictionnary
Ctrl+x Ctrl+k Complete with dictionnary

Marks

m {a-z} Marks current position as {a-z}
‘ {a-z} Move to position {a-z}
” Move to previous position

缩写

:ab mail mail@provider.org Define mail as abbreviation of mail@provider.org

文本缩进

:set autoindent Turn on auto-indent
:set smartindent Turn on intelligent auto-indent
:set shiftwidth=4 Defines 4 spaces as indent size
ctrl-t, ctrl-d Indent/un-indent in insert mode
>> Indent
<< Un-indent =% Indent the code between parenthesis 1GVG= Indent the whole file 语法高亮 :syntax on Turn on syntax highlighting :syntax off Turn off syntax highlighting :set syntax=perl Force syntax highlighting